ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction
and Characterization of Natural Colorants
from Plants and Evaluation of Their Therapeutic
Properties and Cytotoxicity
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1
Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
2
Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
Submission date: 2022-04-17
Final revision date: 2022-06-11
Acceptance date: 2022-07-04
Online publication date: 2022-09-14
Publication date: 2022-12-08
Corresponding author
Shumaila Kiran
Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan, Dept of Applied Chemistry, Government College Univ, 38000, Faislabad, Pakistan
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2022;31(6):5945-5954
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ABSTRACT
Natural colorants as substituents for synthetic colors have gained popularity in the food, textile,
pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industry. This study aimed to document the cytotoxicity and bioactivities
of the natural pigment extracts from five different plant sources i.e. Rosa indica L., Brassica oleracea,
Lawsonia inermis, Daucus carot L.a and Calendula officinalis. Different activities were measured
in this study, like antifungal and antibacterial (through disc diffusion method), antioxidant (through
DPPH free radical scavenging % inhibition), and cytotoxicity (through hemolytic activity). We used
the carrageenan-induced inflammation model for the determination of anti-inflammatory activity.
Extracts were analyzed for the determination of main coloring constitutions by reverse phase
HPLC-DAD analysis. Separation was performed on the Zorbax SB-C18 column 150 mm 4.6 mm ID,
5 um. Best antioxidant activity was shown by Daucus carota L. with IC50 (μg/mL) 9.15±0.5 μg/mL.
The best antibacterial activity was shown by Calendula officinalis L. is 20±1.5 mm against gram (+ve)
and for the gram (-ve) is 10.3±1.5 mm. Calendula officinalis L. showed high anti-inflammatory activity
i.e. 75.33±1.20% and the lowest value of cytotoxicity i.e.3.4±0.05%. HPLC-DAD analysis showed the
presence of cyanidin derivatives in Rosa indica L. and Brassica oleracea, carotenoids like lutein as
a major component in Calendula officinalis L. Major colorant in Daucus carota was β-carotene and,
2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone in Lawsonia inermis. The results showed that the natural pigments are
non-cytotoxic, and they have good potential to act as multipurpose active agents for various applications
in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.