ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Transfer of Active Ingredients from Plant Protection Products to a Honeybee (Apis mellifera F.) Hive from Winter Oilseed Rape Crops Protected with Conventional Methods
Bartosz Piechowicz1, Przemysław Grodzicki2, Magdalena Podbielska1, Natalia Tyrka1, Małgorzata Śliwa1
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1Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rzeszów,
Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
2Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Animal Physiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University,
Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
Submission date: 2017-06-28
Final revision date: 2017-08-07
Acceptance date: 2017-08-10
Online publication date: 2018-02-06
Publication date: 2018-03-12
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2018;27(3):1219-1228
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ABSTRACT
Field tests verified and evaluated a pesticide’s active ingredient transfer to honeybee hives from
rapeseed crops protected according to current programs. Samples of rapeseed flowers, leaves, and soil
were collected, as well as of worker honeybees, the brood, and honey from hives located in the crops. They
were evaluated for the presence of four insecticides and five fungicides. In flower samples and leaf samples
flutriafol at plantation 1 and azoxystrobin at plantation 2 were found at the highest levels. In honeybees
and in the brood, five AIs were detected at plantation 1, of which the highest levels were observed for
flutriafol (25.5 μg/kg of honeybee) and picoxystrobin (7.3 μg/kg of brood). At plantation 2, residues of
three and two AIs were detected in honeybees and in the brood, respectively, of which chlorpyrifos was at
the highest level (19.5 μg/kg of honeybee, and 2.8 μg/kg of brood). For both plantations, residues of three
AIs were found in honey. The AI levels in honey did not exceed 3.8% of acceptable maximum residue level
at plantation 1, and 2.8% at plantation 2. The percentage of acceptable daily intake did not exceed 0.01%.