ORIGINAL RESEARCH
The Use of Granular Iron-Based Sorption
Materials for Nickel Removal from Water
Ján Ilavský, Danka Barloková
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Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering,
Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 11, 813 68 Bratislava, Slovakia
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2012;21(5):1229-1236
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Removal of nickel from water using granular iron-based adsorption materials Bayoxide E33, CFH12,
CFH18, and GEH, and the comparison of their efficiency at different pH values was investigated. The results
proved that the iron-based sorption materials have a capacity to reduce the content of nickel in water to values
that meet the requirements set under the Regulation of the Government of the Slovak Republic No.
496/2010 on drinking water (20 μg/L Ni). This maximum contaminant limit (MCL) complies with the recommendations
of WHO, the US EPA, and EU Directive 2008/105/EC. Based on the pilot column tests, the
most suitable adsorbent for nickel removal is Bayoxide E33. However, its effectiveness increases with
decreasing water pH. For this material it is better to treat the water at lower pH, i.e. 6.5 to 7.5. According to
the model tests (concentration of nickel in raw water of about 50 μg/L, filtration rate 5.8 m/hour, concentration
Ni 20 μg/L at the outlet of media with the height of 58 cm, pH 7.0), the adsorption capacity of nickel for
Bayoxide E33 was set to 198 μg/g and ratio V/V0 = 4808. The results proved that the materials CFH12, CFH18
and GEH can also be used to decrease the concentration of Ni in drinking water below the limit value. The pH
value of water affects the efficiency of nickel removal. In the case of CFH12 the best results were obtained at
pH 7. The highest efficiency of GEH was reached in water pH above 7.5. The adsorption capacities and V/V0
ratio are lower for these sorption materials. Chemical composition of used sorption materials was determined.