ORIGINAL RESEARCH
The Impact of Abiotic and Biotic Factors
on the Productivity of the Apple Cultivars
(Malus domestica)
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Faculty of Agriculture & Veterinary, University of Pristina “Hasan Prishtina”, St. “George Bush”,
10000, Prishtine, Kosovo
Submission date: 2023-01-24
Final revision date: 2023-04-20
Acceptance date: 2023-04-21
Online publication date: 2023-05-16
Publication date: 2023-06-23
Corresponding author
Gezim Hodolli
Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Pristina "Hasan Prishtina", Kosovo
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2023;32(4):3025-3031
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ABSTRACT
This research paper presents the results of a field trial performed in the eight-year orchard with
the apple cultivar (Malus doestica): ‘Fuji’, ‘William’s Pride’ and ‘Pink Lady’, on the rootstock M9.
The experiment as a randomized block system included 18 apple trees (9 for each cultivar). Each plant
was monitored and examined some bio-morphological parameters. At the same time monitoring and
examining some abiotic factors (frozen, drought, hail wind) and biotic factors (pests, diseases, birds)
through agrologic stations and sampling. By the results obtained we found that: abiotic factors we have
identified drought damage caused by high temperatures and radiation, lack of rainfall and wind, while
from biotic factors damage is caused by diseases, pests and birds. According to apple cultivars, the
‘Fuji’ cultivar suffered the greatest damage to productivity from two factors, abiotic (49.74% failure to
achieve optimal fruit mass and 17% superficial burning of fruits) and biotic (56.24% birds, 9.93 scab
and 4.33 others). ‘Pink Lady’ is damaged from biotic factor (43.17% failure to achieve optimal fruit
mass and 36% superficial burning of fruits, 3.64% Cracking of fruits, and 1.64% fruit fall) whereas
from biotic factors damage (19.2% birds, 23.8% scab, 10.07% codling moth and 4.8% apple sawfly).
While ‘William’s Pride’ has suffered the least damage (36.68% failure to achieve optimal fruit mass
and 4.66% other physical damage) and biotic factor (12.4% fruit rot, 9.4% powdery mildew, 5.4% birds,
29% codling moth, 2.7% apple sawfly).