ORIGINAL RESEARCH
The Dyeing Process and the Environment:
Enhanced Dye Fixation on Cellulosic Fabric Using
Newly Synthesized Reactive Dye
Umme Habibah Siddiqua1, Shaukat Ali1, Tanveer Hussain2, Haq Nawaz Bhatti1, Muhammad Asghar3
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1Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
2Department of Textile Processing, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
3Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Submission date: 2016-12-02
Final revision date: 2017-01-05
Acceptance date: 2017-01-11
Online publication date: 2017-08-28
Publication date: 2017-09-28
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2017;26(5):2215-2222
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ABSTRACT
New types of dyestuff moieties are being introduced to get the ease in imparting color to various substrates
and sorting out the ways to improve the quality of dyed fabric using environmentally friendly techniques.
To contribute to this research effort, the present study was carried for dyeing cellulosic fabric using novel
bi-functional reactive dye. The synthesized dye contained sulphatovinylsulfone and monochlorotriazine
functionality. The important influencing parameters for the exhaust method, e.g., dyeing temperature,
concentration of salt, and alkali were optimized and their interaction was studied using central composite
design. The results indicated that 61.5ºC was found to be suitable for the maximum exhaustion and fixation
of the dye on cotton fabric. The optimum concentration of salt (30.01 g/L) and alkali (22.32 g/L) for dye
experimentally resulted in 84.98 (±3)% of exhaustion and 79.00 (±3)% fixation on cellulose fabric. Fastness
properties were good-to-excellent for the novel reactive dye applied on cotton fabric. A comparison of the
results with the commercial reactive dye showed that attained results were within a practical range suitable
for commercial dyeing.