SHORT COMMUNICATION
The Characterization and Sources of Polycyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbons in PM10
in Rural, China
Bixiong Ye1,2,3, Thomas Krafft3, Linsheng Yang2,
Yonghua Li2, Hairong Li2, Wuyi Wang2, Eva Pilot3
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1Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety,
China CDC Beijing, China
2Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,
CAS, Beijing, China
3Maastricht University, Department of International Health, Maastricht,
The Netherlands
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2015;24(2):909-915
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) samples in particles were collected with a PM10 sampler in rural
areas of Beijing. PAH samples collected on quartz fiber filters were first extracted using dichloromethane
with ultrasonic methods, and then were fractionated on an alumina-silica column. Finally, the aromatic and
n-alkane fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-
combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The level of PAHs showed distinctly seasonal changes
throughout the year, with the highest concentrations in January and lowest concentration in July. Σ16PAH
concentrations ranged from 153.23 to 867.41 ng·m-3 in January, from 21.53 to 527.42 ng·m-3 in April, from
1.84 to 32.02 ng·m-3 in July, and from 14.86 to 114.81 ng·m-3 in November. Potential PAH emission sources
were identified using normal alkane distribution analysis, positive matrix factorization, and compound-specific
stable carbon isotope analysis. The results revealed that vehicular emission was the major contributor,
and it explained about 48.41% PAH source contribution. The petroleum source explaining 38.63% of the
total PAHs was another major PAH source contributor. Coal combustion also was a major PAH contributor,
totalling 30.45% of the contribution of PAHs in winter.