In recent years, the development of coastal areas in China has accelerated rapidly, and the land used in coastal areas has undergone big changes. As an important area on the southeast coast of China, analyzing Fujian Province’s process of land use changes and driving factors can lay a theoretical foundation for reasonable land planning in coastal areas. This paper utilizes transfer matrix, dynamic degree, information entropy, equilibrium degree, spatial autocorrelation and principal component to research the status and changes of land use in Fujian Province from 1980 to 2018. The results show that: (1) Over the past 39 years, the greatly decreased farmland and grass in Fujian Province has been mainly converted into construction land. The upward trend showed in forest, construction land, water area and unused land, and they are mainly occupied farmland and grass. (2) In Fujian Province, the change of land use structure is fluctuating, though the development of regional land structure tends to be stable. The food security land, ecological construction land and urban construction land have positive spatial agglomeration effect and spatial heterogeneity. (3) The main driving factors of land use change in Fujian Province are at an economic development level, industrial structure adjustments, population expansion and climate change.