Research Purpose: The aim is to reveal the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and underlying driving mechanisms of land spatial patterns in economically developing river basins. Research Methods: Geographical information graph, spatial autocorrelation, and geographic detector methods were employed to study the Han River Basin as an example, focusing on the logical sequence of "evolution process - evolution pattern - driving mechanism" of land spatial changes.Research Findings: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the comprehensive change rates for urban, ecological, and agricultural spaces in the study area were 228%, -3%, and -1% respectively. (2) The centroid of urban space shifted from southeast to northwest direction, while that of agricultural space shifted from southwest to northeast. The centroid of ecological space initially shifted from northwest to southeast but then reversed its direction. Univariate and bivariate clustering features exhibited similarities. (3) The outward transfer of labor-intensive industries in the Pearl River Delta was identified as a major factor driving spatiotemporal evolution in the research area's land spatial patterns. Significance: This study provides support for implementing land spatial planning in economically developed regions and offers insights for coordinated development in underdeveloped river basins.