ORIGINAL RESEARCH
System Dynamic Modeling for Plastic Supply
Chain in Klang Valley, Malaysia
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1
Institute of Biological Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia
2
Infrastructure Geo-hazards and Sustainable Materials (IGSM), Faculty of Engineering,
Built Environment & Information Technology, SEGi University, Malaysia
3
Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia
Submission date: 2021-07-06
Final revision date: 2021-09-09
Acceptance date: 2021-09-10
Online publication date: 2022-01-03
Publication date: 2022-02-16
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2022;31(2):1257-1269
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ABSTRACT
Plastic packaging wastes are increasing due to the COVID-19 pandemic as consumers tend to stay
home and purchase online. Plastic packaging waste is difficult to break down. It pollutes the environment
and then enters the food chain, putting people and wildlife at risk. This paper presents the development
of system dynamic models for sustainable plastic supply chain management in Klang Valley, Malaysia.
System dynamic models for plastic supply chains, including forward, open-loop and closed-loop supply
chains, were developed using Vensim 7.2 PLE software. To estimate the amount of plastic packaging
wastes discharged at landfill, these models were simulated using various waste diversion rates.
The results indicated that, when all stakeholders in the supply chain recycled 10% of their plastic
packaging waste, the total amount of plastic packaging waste going to landfill could be reduced by
approximately 65%. However, the means of open-loop and closed-loop supply chains, did not differ much.