ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Study on the Sorting Process on the Basis
of the Effect of Shrinkage and Melting of Plastics
and Its Impact on Further Processing
of the Materials
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1
Department of Technologies and Installations for Waste Management, Silesian University of Technology,
Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
2
Institute of Energy and Fuel Processing Technology, Zamkowa 1, 41-803 Zabrze, Poland
Submission date: 2022-03-10
Final revision date: 2022-06-08
Acceptance date: 2022-06-20
Online publication date: 2022-10-12
Publication date: 2022-12-08
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2022;31(6):5739-5749
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ABSTRACT
In the era of high generation of waste, it is necessary to improve the sorting processes in order
to obtain clean, homogeneous secondary raw materials suitable for recycling. The article presents the
results of experimental studies aimed at finding the optimal separation method for two-component
waste, in which one of them is plastic, and the previously known methods are ineffective or are not
economically justified. Two methods have been proposed based on the use of two specific properties of
plastics: precisely defined melting point and temperature shrinkage. As a result, the two technologies
of separation were developed. Both involve heating the waste until the expected changes in the waste
material are achieved. Determined experimentally the optimal melting point parameters for the tested
polystyrene and polypropylene waste were 150ºC and 180ºC, respectively, with a 7-second contact time
with a metal surface. The optimal shrinkage for PS occurred at 160°C with a 2-minute heating time, and
for the tested PP, the optimal shrinkage temperature was 170°C, applied for 4 minutes. Both proposals
were tested in laboratory and technical conditions, giving satisfactory results, and then successfully
used in the industry. In order to extend the research, it is planned to expand the range of plastics and
their mixtures with other wastes, as well as to develop a comparative test of the adhesion strength
of melted plastics to various surfaces. At the suggested temperatures of thermal sorting, there is no
depolymerization of materials. Thus, the proposed method of shrinkage and melting in the sorting
process can serve as a step of separating the PP or PS material from the waste mixture without its
negative impact on further processing processes in thermal, chemical or mechanical recycling.