ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Studies of the Biochemistry Behavior of Herbal
Butterfly Pea Blue Pea Flower with some
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potentials
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Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University,
P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Department of Biology, Turabah University College, Taif University, 21995, Saudi Arabia
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Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk,
P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
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Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University,
P.O. Box 715, Makkah 24382, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
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Program of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Turabah University College, Taif University,
P.O. 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
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Biology Department, College of Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Department of Biology, Aljumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
Submission date: 2024-08-17
Final revision date: 2025-01-04
Acceptance date: 2025-02-22
Online publication date: 2025-04-18
Corresponding author
Rokayya Sami
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University,
P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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ABSTRACT
Butterfly pea flowers are commonly used in food manufacturing as coloring agents. The current
research aimed to study some phytochemical, antimicrobial, and antioxidant potentials for their
extracts. Several assays have been applied to prepare five extracts coded as ME, WE, EE, GE, and GWE
for methanol, water, ethanol, glycerol, and glycerol/water, especially for phenolic determination.
At the same time, ultrasound processing has been achieved for both fresh and dried flowers, especially
for the anthocyanin determination. The antibacterial potential for Staphylococcus aureus reported
a 1.2 mm zone of inhibition. C. ternatea flower extract reported 6.4 and 10.29ºBrix for acidity and total
soluble sugar, respectively. The C. ternatea flower extract had a transparent, dark, and more opaque
blue color due to a higher L* value (29.52) than lower a* and b* values (2.5 and 40.32-), respectively.
C. ternatea flower extract exhibited a high total antioxidant capacity (59.11%), while ORAC reported
(109.22 mg TE/L). ABTS results were IC50 = 35.27 μL/mL and 189.68 mg TE/L. The total phenolic
contents presented various results on a blue color, GE had the deepest blue color and reported
(18.76 mg GAEg-1), followed by EE (18.55 mg GAEg-1), GWE (18.53 mg GAEg-1), and ME (15.17 mg GAEg-1). WE had the lightest blue color and reported the lowest value (9.79 mg GAEg-1).
Four extractions were prepared for the total anthocyanin contents, which showed the efficacy of the
ultrasound process to get the highest anthocyanin content of 4.21 mg Cyanidin-3-glucoside/g on fresh
petals. Butterfly pea flowers might be used safely in food, beverage, and cosmeceutical products.