Evaluating the regional ecological carrying capacity (ECC) is the key to promoting regional ecological civilization construction and high-quality development. However, the ECC is a dynamic and complex system with substantial regional differences. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the data and relationships of the regional economy, society, and resource environment according to local conditions. We have proposed a data-driven method to evaluate the spatiotemporal evolution of regional ECC. Based on the application of economic, social, resource, and environmental data reflecting ECC, a regional ECC evaluation index system was constructed. The entropy weight TOPSIS model was applied to measure and evaluate the regional ECC and the three subsystems of economy, society, resources, and the environment. Their spatiotemporal evolution trends were analyzed, and targeted policy recommendations for data application have been proposed. This study examined the ECC in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2011 to 2020 to demonstrate the implementation of datadriven methods. The findings have verified the feasibility of the research method, providing theoretical and methodological support for the study and management of ECC. This has also provided a basis for the construction of a regional ecological civilization, sustainable development, prevention of ecological degradation, and formulation of environmental protection-related policies.