Exploring ways to improve the green efficiency of industry water resources (GEIWR) is an inevitable requirement for achieving harmonious and sustainable industrial development and water use. Taking the urban agglomerations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (UAMRYR) as an example, this paper constructed an industrial green water resource efficiency index system. Based on the slack based model (SBM), the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the GEIWR during 2006- 2019 were analyzed, and its spatial differentiation characteristics were investigated by exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), Besides, a spatial Tobit model was constructed to reveal its influencing factors. The results are as follows: (1) Temporally, the GEIWR ranged between 0.525 and 0.745 from 2006 to 2019 with an overall flat change, showing two distinct phases of change. Spatially, the difference varied markedly, with the GEIWR showing a pattern of "high in the south and low in the north" from 2006-2010 and "high in the centre and low around" from 2014-2019. (2) GEIWR global Moran's I value between 0.003 and 0.462, showing positive correlation characteristics, but the coefficient gradually decreased and the spatial correlation decreased; The local autocorrelation aggregation region changed significantly, the spatial aggregation effect was apparent before 2014, the concentration area decreased in 2019, the spatial correlation decreased, the spatial disequilibrium appeared. (3) The economic and industrial structure and the level of science and education had a significant effect on GEIWR and the economic benefits of industrial water resources showed an inverse inhibitory effect, while the natural resource endowment and degree of industrialization had no significant impact on GEIWR. Thence, when formulating water resources protection policies, the spatial distribution and influencing factors should be taken into account and the specific situation should be analyzed, to provide scientific basis for improving the GEIWR.