ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Spatial-Temporal Variations of Sulphur Dioxide
Concentration, Source, and Probability Assessment
Using a GIS-Based Geostatistical Approach
Lokman Hakan Tecer1, Sermin Tagil2
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1 Corlu Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering, Namik Kemal University, Corlu, Tekirdag, Turkey
2 Department of Geography, Balikesir University, Cagis Campus, Balikesir, Turkey
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2013;22(5):1491-1498
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Ground-level sulphur dioxide is one of the air pollutants of high concern as a typical indicator of urban
air quality. To inform decisions regarding, for instance, the protection of public health from elevated SO2 lev-
els in the city of Balikesir, an understanding of spatial-temporal variance of SO2 patterns is necessary.
Therefore, the aim of this study is to locate sample points, characterize distribution patterns, perform the prob-
ability map, and map SO2 distributions by means of spatial information sciences. In this work, the data were
compiled from 48 sampling sites using passive sampling on 10-17 March 2010 (in winter) and on 13-20 August
2010 (in summer). The estimations of SO2 levels at unsampled locations were carried out with the inverse dis-
tance weighted method. Finally, locations exceeding the Turkish Air Quality Standard threshold value were
determined in the Balikesir by use of geostatistical algorithms (Indicator kriging). The capability of the meth-
ods to predict air quality data in an area with multiple land-use types and pollution sources were then discussed.
The results of the passive sampling study show that the winter and summer average concentrations are 32.79
µg/m 3 and 28.27 µg/m3 for SO2 , respectively. It is expected that where industrial activity is not excessively
important, traffic and domestic heating systems are the main source of SO2 precursors. Moreover, using
Indicator Kriging, results show that there are multiple hotspots for SO2 concentrations and they are strongly
correlated to the locations of industrial plants, traffic, and domestic heating systems in Balikesir.