Ecological networks (ENs) are considered an effective means of biodiversity and ecosystem protection. However, the potential impact of land use change on ENs in rapid urbanization remains poorly understood. This study combines patch generation land use simulation model (PLUS), circuit theory and complex network theory to simulate the evolution of ENs in Jingmen City from 2020 to 2050, and constructs a comprehensive evaluation framework for evaluation from two perspectives of function and structure. The results show that ecological sources are decreasing in three scenarios in 2050. In particular, the natural development and urban development scenarios lose 122.14 km2 and 155.55 km2, and lose 2 key corridors, respectively. Urban expansion is essential reason for the loss in ecological network. Additionally, the conflict between ENs and land development lead to functional degradation, manifested as an increase in connectivity defects and a decrease in local centrality. Land expansion will weaken the structural robustness of ENs, increase areas with weak ecological connections, and thin the backbone structure. The potential negative impact of different expansion patterns on ENs varies, with restricted development scenario being the smallest. The result reminds us that may be promoting urbanization at the expense of sacrificing areas with significant ecological value.