In large lakes, serious sedimentation and pollution of bottom sediments has occurred in China owing to the neglect of effective protection and management. Thus, sediment management, acting as an important aspect of lake management, should be performed in lake systems. The goal of this study was to determine sediment management framework, and take a physicochemical and socioeconomic approach for sediment management. Sediment quantity and quality analysis was developed, sources of sediment and associated contaminants were analyzed, and management methods such as the ecological water network, source control, and local dredging and sediment treatment were researched respectively. Cost-benefit analysis of chemical-mechanical dewatering and subsequent sediment treatment has been performed as an example. The work in the study was aimed at providing reference for sustainable sediment management of urban lake systems in China.