ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Screening of Trace Organic Compounds
in Municipal Wastewater by Gas
Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Urszula Kotowska1, Katarzyna Biegańska2, Valery A. Isidorov1
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1Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Hurtowa 1, 15-399 Białystok, Poland
2Kompania Piwowarska S.A. Brewery Białystok, Dojlidy Fabryczne 28,15-555 Białystok, Poland
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2012;21(1):129-138
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ABSTRACT
This research proposes the simple and reliable procedure of screening a wide range of polarity trace
organic pollutants in influent and effluent municipal wastewater. Such a method includes concentrations of
analytes on C18 bonded phase cartridges and its subsequent eluting with organic solvents of different polarity:
n-hexane, ethyl ether, and methanol. Each eluate is directed to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
(GC/MS) separation and detection. Silylation of compounds eluted with ethyl ether and methanol was done
prior to chromatographic analysis. For reliable identification of the unknown organic compounds a combination
of three independent parameters: mass spectra, retention indices and partition coefficients in n-hexane/ acetonitrile
system was employed. More than 120 compounds were identified and semi-quantitatively determined
in municipal wastewater from the Wastewater Treatment Plant in Białystok, mainly from the groups of aliphatic
acids, alcohols and polyalcohols, and carbohydrates. Compounds potentially harmful to the environment
and found in the analyzed municipal wastewater are: 2,6-ditertbutylhydroxytoluene, phosphoric acid, phthalic
acid esters, phenol, and drug remnants (ibuprofen, naproxen, and caffeine).