ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Sanitary-Bacteriological Evaluation of Meadow
Soils Irrigated with Biologically Treated Sewage
1. S. Niewolak, 2. S. Tucholski, 1. E. Radziejewska
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1. Department of Environmental Microbiology
2. Department of Land Reclamation and Environmental Management
University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-957 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2002;11(2):141-149
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Studies were carried out to determine numbers of bacteria indicatory of pollution (total number of
bacteria on broth-agar at 20 and 37oC) and sanitary state (Total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci
and Clostridium perfringens) and of potential pathogens (Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus sp.,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp.) and fungi on Trichophyton Agar 1 in soils from meadow subject to
8 different variants of irrigation and fertilization in the vicinity of a treatment plant in Olsztynek. Studies
were performed in 1996 and 1997. Experimental variants comprised (A) non-irrigated plots (control); (B)
irrigated with fresh water; (C) irrigated with biologically-treated sewage (outflow from a waste treatment
plant); (D,E, F) irrigated with treated sewage stored in a biological pond with a basic dose, the increased
dose up to 150% and 200%; (G) NPK minerally fertilized; (H) NPK minerally fertilized and irrigated with
fresh water. Bacteria determined on broth-agar at 20oC were more numerous in the soils of plots irrigated
with effluents from a treatment plant and stored in a biological pond. The differences in the number of
bacteria determined on broth-agar at 37oC in the soils of different variants were not significant. Fecal
coliforms, fecal streptococci (enterococci), Clostridium perfringens, Aeromonas hydrophila and Staphylococcus
sp. were generally more numerous in the soils of different irrigated-fertilized variants, less numerous in
non-irrigated soils (control). The differences in the number of fecal coliforms in the soils of particular
variants were ambiguous. All groups of microorganism were more numerous in the surface layer of the soil.
Irrigated dose of treated sewage stored in a biological pond did not influence their number in the soil. Fungi
determined on Trichophyton Agar 1 were a constant component of microflora of the examined soils whereas
Salmonella sp. was determined sporadically.