Studying the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the ecological level of urban production space (ELUPS) in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River (URYR) is significant for promoting the green development of the Yangtze River basin. This paper takes municipal districts of 31 prefecturelevel cities in the URYR in China as the research unit, and adopts the coupling coordination model, the standard deviation coefficient, spatial autocorrelation analysis, correlation coefficient, and regression analysis to carry out the research. The results show that: (1) ELUPS has gone up and become more concentrated in the URYR from 2010 to 2019. However, the mutual influence among cities is weak, and no agglomeration effect has been formed as a whole. (2) In 2019, ELUPS showed a spatial pattern of “partial prominence, low in the west, around Guiyang and along the Chengdu-Chongqing line”. (3)Permanent resident population and per capita GDP are the influence factors of ELUPS. It is a crucial way to improve the ELUPS in the URYR to strengthen the connection between cities and promote the high-quality development of each city.