The public ecological literacy and environmental protection behaviors in China still have the intention-behavior gap and exist in the Giddens Paradox. Based on the perspective of public participation in community education, the behaviors related to ecological literacy and environmental protection of college students were classified into three categories: Egoistic, Altruistic, and Ecological. Through investigation, it was found that there are type differences, group differences, and regional differences among them. Based on Norm-Activity-Theory, Theory of Planned Behavior, Value-Belief- Norm Theory, and Attitude-Behavior-Context Theory, an empirical analysis is made on the driving factors of participation behaviors. Based on this, some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for future development.