Land use conflicts are spatial manifestations of human-land contradictions that threaten the region's sustainable development. To alleviate pressure on land resource utilization and guide the governance of land use conflicts, we drew on the ecological risk assessment conceptual framework and theories in landscape ecology. We then constructed a land use conflict identification model. In addition, land use conflicts under the food security constraint in 2030 were simulated and measured using the GMOP-PLUS coupled model from the sustainable development perspective. This was done under three scenarios: the natural development scenario, the high-quality development scenario, and the ecological protection scenario. The results showed that land use conflicts in Shenyang demonstrate an overall exacerbating trend and their spatial patterns remain relatively stable. They were characterized by low intensity in the core urban areas and high intensity in other areas. Compared to 2019, the intensity of land use conflicts in Shenyang will decrease under three scenarios in 2030, with significant alleviation observed under the ecological protection scenario. The impact of socio-economic policies and ecological governance policies on alleviating land use conflicts in Shenyang shows significant differences. This study offers significant contributions to understanding land use conflict governance and regulation.