REVIEW PAPER
Principal Component Analysis of Integ rated
Metal Concentrations of Bogacayi Riverbank
Sediments in Turkey
Fusun Yalcin1, Serpil Kilic2, Daniel G. Nyamsari3,
M. Gurhan Yalcin3, Murat Kilic2
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1Akden iz University, Department of Mathematics, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
2Akdeniz University, Food Safety and Agricultural Research, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
3Akdeniz University, Department of Geology, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
Submission date: 2015-10-16
Final revision date: 2015-12-09
Acceptance date: 2015-12-15
Publication date: 2016-03-17
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2016;25(2):471-485
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ABSTRACT
This r esearch was carried out along the banks of the Bogacayi River in the western part of Antalya in
Turkey. We investigated the concentration, average distribution, and level of contamination of the sediments
by heavy metals for monitoring purposes. In this study, 25 sediment samples from different stations were
collected and analyzed along the Bogacayi’s banks. Heavy metals detected in order of abundance are Mg>
Fe > Al > Ti> MN > Cr > Ni > Ba > V > Zr > Zn > Co > Cu > Pb > As > Mo > W > Cd > Sb > Ag. The
average concentration of each heavy metal elements was compared to those of the earth crust, sandstone,
ultrabasic rock, especially with the acceptable limit for Turkey, in order to determine their anomalies. The
concentration of Cr in sample 24 was 19.85 times and Ni in sample 25 was 19.29-7.71 times higher than
the acceptable limit for Turkey. In samples 24 (1.87 times) and 25 (1.85 times), Co was also higher than the
acceptable limit for Turkey. As confi rmed by the coeffi cient correlation analysis, the PCA, anthropogenic
activities is thought to have possibly contributed most of the Sb, Mo, and Pb, and led to an increase in the
quantities of elements such as: Fe, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Mg, Cr, and As. Most of the Al, Ti, Zr, Zn, W, Ba, and
Cu, and a majority of the Fe, V, Mn, and Sn, potentially resulted from a natural source. Samples 24 (Zn,
Co, Mn, Fe, V, Cr, Mg, and Ba) and 25 (Ni, Co, Fe, and Mg) contain several numbers of heavy metals, each
showing high anomalous concentrations, which are related to anthropogenic sources. The ANOVA model
summary reveals the high explanatory power of R2 = 100.00%, indicating that the number of samples used
in this study was suffi cient.