ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Plant- and Animal-Derived Biostimulants
for Overcoming Salinity Stress by Regulating
the Physiological Parameters of Broccoli
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The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Provincial Directorate of Eskişehir, Türkiye
Submission date: 2023-06-02
Final revision date: 2023-06-27
Acceptance date: 2023-06-29
Online publication date: 2023-09-13
Publication date: 2023-10-25
Corresponding author
Gamze Kaya
The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Turkey
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2023;32(6):5129-5136
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ABSTRACT
Salinity depresses plant growth and final yield due to excessive toxic ions or their osmotic potential,
resulting in physiological drought. This study focused on determining if plant- and animal-derived
biostimulants (Aminolom Enzimatico®, İnori®, and Isabion®) improve plant growth, physiology, and
stomata properties of the lower surface of leaves in broccoli under salinity. Broccoli seedlings were
grown at the medium salinized with NaCl and control, and the biostimulants were applied to the soil
(S), foliar (F), and S+F. Plant growth was inhibited by salinity, while the biostimulants enhanced the
tolerance level to salinity. Stem diameter, plant fresh weight, and leaf area under salinity were improved
by biostimulant applications, while S+F applications increased the fresh weight and leaf area under both
saline and control. Electrolyte leakage precisely distinguished the differences between biostimulant
applications. Among the biostimulants, İnori® effectively promoted morphological and physiological
parameters, and there were also significant differences among the F, S, and F+S applications of the
biostimulants. The F application was suitable for plant-derived biostimulants, while the S application
of animal-derived biostimulant showed superiority. Therefore, plant-derived and animal-derived
biostimulants should be applied on leaves and soil to reduce the hazardous effects of salinity in broccoli
cultivation.