ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Optimizing Embedded Water Trades to Conserve
Lakes in Arid and Semiarid Regions
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1
Department of Irrigation and Drainage, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran
2
Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering (WREE),
The Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
Submission date: 2020-07-23
Final revision date: 2020-10-02
Acceptance date: 2020-11-01
Online publication date: 2021-09-08
Publication date: 2021-09-22
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2021;30(5):4413-4423
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ABSTRACT
The shrinking of the former sixth largest salty lake in the world threatens the job security of farmers
and life of inhabitants. We examined the capability of applying the optimal exchange of embedded water
to release more water resources for the restoration of Lake Urmia. For this purpose, an optimization
model is developed based on Kumar approach to maximize the income of the agricultural sector in
the basin by deriving an optimal cropping pattern, embedded agricultural water imports and exports.
Testing three cropping pattern policy discloses more income for the agriculture sector can be achieved
by more flexible policy for cropping. The scenario which applies mild flexibility in cropping pattern
policy and 80% availability of agricultural water, and scenario 6 which applies middle flexibility for
cropping pattern policy and 60% availability of agricultural water are proposed for increasing the
agricultural sector’s income 7% and 21% and reducing water consumption in short term and long-term
plans, respectively, for the restoration of the lake. These scenarios increase embedded agricultural water
imports 164% and 161%, and decrease agricultural water use 20% and 40%, respectively. The model
of this study can be future examined to restore drying lakes with high agricultural water use in their
basins.