Multiple and interacting environmental factors are involved in the development of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) in the Caucasian population. NMSC include basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell skin carcinoma. The aim of our paper was to present literature data on the etiopathogenesis of NMSC with special stress on environmental agents such as: ultraviolet radiation (including sunbathing), ozone depletion, smoking and occupational factors. The role of administered treatment with phototherapy and immunosuppresants is described as well. As skin cancer incidence has increased, the necessity of avoidance of NMSC risk factors is highlighted.