Gobi beach management is a critical way to reduce carbon emissions but requires a large amount of nutrients to support in the early stages, while food waste degradation and resourcing can be used for production. The residue is also an excellent provider of nutrients. Therefore, in this study, the diversity of microorganisms in food waste was analyzed by high-throughput technology at different times to identify the common and core functional genera for potential resourcing. It was found that bacteria were mainly dominated by Pseudomonas (6.12%-12.16%) and Acinetobacter (20.71%-58.36%), but Acinetobacter accounted for a relatively low percentage at the Spring Festival. Mitochondria and chloroplasts, as independent carriers of genetic material, were extremely high in the Spring Festival, suggesting that fresh ingredients effectively reduced the number of opportunistic pathogens in it. For archaea, the methanogens Methanosarcina (15.07%-96.40%) and Methanobacterium (5.87%-98.55%) dominated, and the presence of Nitrososphaeraceae was also prevalent. The above genera were common in soil, which means these food wastes offer the possibility of landfill residues for saline soil improvement after methane production. Regarding diversity, festivals contribute significantly to the differences in microbe diversity in food waste, with archaea being more affected than bacteria. The results of this study show that food waste can be used as a methane-producing substrate, and the degraded residue can be used for Gobi management to enhance soil fertility after disinfection, which is very promising.