With the escalating serious degradation of the agricultural environment and the rising carbon emissions in the agriculture sector, protecting the agricultural environment and advancing the low-carbon transformation of agriculture are essential priorities. This research develops a difference in differences model (DID model) based on panel data from Chinese provinces between 2011 and 2021 to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of government action in agricultural protection on reducing carbon emissions, using China’s waste agricultural film recycling and utilization pilot project as a quasi-natural experiment. The study’s conclusion that government involvement significantly reduced the amount and rate of agricultural film usage in the pilot areas proved the effectiveness of the pilot plan. In addition, the pilot regions’ agricultural carbon emissions decreased significantly in quantity and rate as a result of the government’s engagement, therefore advancing the low-carbon transformation of agriculture. Even after several robustness tests, the study’s conclusions still hold up. Simultaneously, the study discovered that the efficacy and carbon reduction impact of the pilot strategy are moderated by the interaction between the government and the market. In order to gain experience for upcoming work on agricultural environmental protection and low-carbon agricultural transformation, the research makes policy recommendations.