It’s important to see the impact of environment on human health and it is getting more and more Government attentions. There is no more research on these issues in developing countries. This research was carried out in Wudang Mountain Special Zone, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, one of the pilot areas of environmental and health management in China as a Core Test of Citizen Environmental and health Literacy Assessment compiled by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China and to investigates the level of environmental and health literacy of residents in Wudang Mountain special Zone. The results showed that the level of ecological environment and health literacy of residents in Wudang Mountain special Zone was 33.59%, which was generally low. Among them, the classification literacy level of basic concept, basic knowledge and basic skills were 53.44%, 10.86% and 50.78% respectively. The low classification literacy level of basic knowledge was an important reason for the low overall level of ecological environment and health literacy of people in Wudang Mountain Special Zone. The ecological environment and health literacy of residents showed obvious group differences in gender, age, education level, etc. Despite the significant (P<0.01) gender difference, there was no significant difference in basic concept. Significant differences lie in the total score and dimensions of environmental and health literacy among residents of different age groups (P<0.001), and the higher the age, the lower the score. There were significant differences in the total score and dimensions of environmental and health literacy among residents with different educational levels (P<0.001), and the higher the level of education, the higher the score of environmental and health literacy. However, there was no difference in environmental and health literacy scores among residents with different average monthly income levels. Therefore, the article suggested the following possible solutions: strengthening the education and publicity of environmental and health knowledge, promoting public rational understanding of the relationship between environment and health while improving risk communication efficiency and public event response ability, and enhancing residents' sense of value in participating in environmental and health management.