When the tunnel passed through a water-rich stratum, the Water Rock Interaction could cause damage to the rock, which had adverse effects on the tunnel engineering. When the water environment changed, a great risk existed in the tunnel during construction. In this paper, Water Rock Interaction was classified as water rock physical interaction, water rock chemical interaction, and water rock mechanical interaction, which is significantly affected by temperature and humidity. Then, the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of rock under the dry-wet cycle and freeze-thaw cycle were summarized. The influence on tunnel stability was analyzed by the classification of water damage in the tunnel. Finally, the waterproof and drainage systems of tunnel engineering were summarized, and future research directions were put forward.