In Poland the incidence of colorectal cancer increases by 2.5% annually and differs significantly across the country. There are large inequalities in the incidence rate of colorectal cancers between 18 cities of Silesia Province. The inequalities may indicate significant impact of environmental risk factors on the development of this cancer. The aim of our study was to analyze the relationship between exposure to cadmium of the Silesian city inhabitants and the incidences of colorectal cancer in the population of men and women. In addition, the effect of exposure time on cadmium used in the study on the correlation coefficient value of the occurrence of colorectal cancer and the exposure was assessed. Studies have shown a statistically significant relationship between morbidity for colorectal cancer in the population of men and women from 18 cities of Silesia Province in 2010-2014 and the average annual concentration of cadmium in particulate matter PM10 in the years 1989-2008. A statistically significant relationship between exposure to cadmium and colorectal cancer in the population of inhabitants of Silesia Province was reported.