Land use conflicts (LUCs) are the spatial manifestation of contradictions in human-land relations. The scientific identification of LUCs and the revelation of their spatial and temporal evolution mechanisms are of great significance for effectively alleviating human-land conflicts, strengthening the control of territorial spatial planning, and promoting coordinated regional development. This study took place in Shenyang, the only megacity in Northeast China, which faces multiple pressures, such as agricultural production, urban construction, and ecological protection. The study adopted the LUCs intensity model and the GTWR model to identify the LUCs, clarify the evolution pattern, and reveal the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of driving factors. The study results showed that (1) from 1986 to 2020, the intensity of LUCs in Shenyang decreased and then increased. The conflict intensity in the core urban area was lower, whereas the conflict intensity in other areas was higher. (2) The influence of different driving factors on LUC intensity in Shenyang showed apparent spatial differentiation. Socio-economic factors significantly impacted the core urban area and suburban areas, whereas natural environmental factors significantly impacted the exurban areas. (3) Population density was central to triggering LUCs in Shenyang from 1986 to 1997. Urbanization levels were central in triggering LUCs in Shenyang from 1997 to 2020. In the future, Shenyang should give full play to the comparative advantages of different functional zones, strengthen land use control, optimize land resource allocation, alleviate LUCs, and improve the stability of the spatial pattern of national territory. The indicators and models used in this study can effectively reflect the LUC situation and provide scientific references for the planning and regional layout of Shenyang City.