Water from machine and hand-dug wells in six communities in Ogun State, Nigeria, was examined for cadmium. Sixty samples (ten from each community) were collected and analyzed in triplicate using standard methods. Results showed that cadmium concentrations in the six communities ranged from 0.001 mg/L to 0.530 mg/L. The mean cadmium concentrations from the Olujobi, Wasinmi, Itori, Papalanto, Ifo, and Onihale communities were 0.002 mg/L, 0.054 mg/L, 0.053 mg/L, 0.001 mg/L, 0.017 mg/L, and 0.032 mg/L, respectively. In contrast, the permissible maximum contaminant limit (MCL) is 0.003 mg/L, which shows that four of the six sampled communities had mean values exceeding the MCL. Also, 180 residents of the sampled communities consented to participate in the study by providing information for a human health risk assessment (HHRA). The participants were grouped into nine age ranges for the HHRA. The computed hazard index (HI) showed HI (ingested) >1 in 16 of the 60 samples and HI (dermal) <1 in all the samples. Computed values for incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) were significant in four of the six sampled communities, with the highest risk associated with children between ages 1 and 6.