The issue of heavy metals in farmland soil has long been a concern for various sectors, and scientifically revealing the spatial differentiation characteristics, influencing factors, and health risks of heavy metals has become an important component of farmland quality management under the new normal. Taking the surface soil of cultivated land in Gonghe Town as the research object, the current status of heavy metal pollution in soil was differentiated by the land accumulation index method (Igeo), the ecological risk coefficient of heavy metals in soil was determined by the potential ecological hazard index method (RI), and the health risk assessment model (BHRA) was used to determine the health risks of heavy metals to adults and children. The results showed that the soil in Gonghe Town has been polluted to varying degrees by heavy metals, with variability in heavy metal pollution. Heavy metal Cd poses slight, moderate, and strong ecological risks, with slight and moderate risks being the main ones. Heavy metals do not pose a carcinogenic health risk to adults and children, but the carcinogenic risk index for adults and children exceeds the soil remediation benchmark value of 10-6, as proposed by the US EPA. Heavy metal pollution poses a non-carcinogenic health risk to children. In response to the continuous accumulation of heavy metals in farmland soil, it is necessary to improve ideological awareness, scientifically and reasonably use land, and strengthen the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution.