ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Harvesting Nature’s Treasure: Examining Soil Properties and Nutrient Bounty in the Crop Fields of Hafizabad, Punjab, Pakistan using Geostatistical Kriging
Ansa Rebi 1,2,3
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Guan Wang 1,2,3
,
 
,
 
,
 
,
 
,
 
Jinxing Zhou 1,2,3
,
 
 
 
 
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1
Jianshui Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
 
2
State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forestry Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
 
3
Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
 
4
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
 
5
International Research Center on Karst under the auspices of UNESCO; Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin, China
 
6
Department of Crop Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen-37075, Germany
 
7
Pesticide Quality Control Lab, Kala Shah Kaku -39350, Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan
 
8
Soil and Water Testing Laboratory Hafizabad, Punjab, Pakistan
 
9
Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Bio-resource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
 
10
Department of Botany & Microbiology College of Science King Saud University P.O Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
 
11
Department of Zoology College of Science King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11541, Saudi Arabia
 
12
Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091 Beijing, China
 
 
Submission date: 2024-03-28
 
 
Final revision date: 2024-07-21
 
 
Acceptance date: 2024-08-15
 
 
Online publication date: 2025-01-29
 
 
Corresponding author
Guijing Li   

Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091 Beijing, China
 
 
 
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ABSTRACT
Nutrient distribution and quantification are critical to both agricultural output and agricultural protection. However, it can be difficult to properly measure these soil factors in places where transitions alter over short distances, which makes land-use management complicated. In the agricultural district of Hafizabad in Punjab, Pakistan, this research paper aimed to quantify and analyze the spatial distribution of macronutrients (potassium and phosphorus), micronutrients (zinc, copper, iron, manganese, and boron), and soil characteristics (pH, organic matter, and electrical conductivity). The process of soil sampling is methodical; the research region is divided into eight villages, and GPS is used to record exact locations. The result shows that soil pH levels in Kot Shabir Ahmed and Chack Bher are found to be alkaline, while electrical conductivity in all villages is within normal ranges. Each village has a different amount of organic matter in the soil, but Chack Bher is within permissible bounds. The concentrations of micronutrients and macronutrients vary throughout villages, with some going above suggested levels. A significant relationship between nutrients and soil properties was found. Patterns of nutrient distribution were shown by kriging interpolation. The results give significant views for accurate nutrient management, strengthening sustainable farming practices, and enhancing crop yield in the Hafizabad region.
eISSN:2083-5906
ISSN:1230-1485
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