The ecological and environmental subsystem is a core link in the regional sustainable development system and an important path for regional green transformation. From data availability, this paper selects 30 provinces and autonomous regions in China (excluding Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) from 2005 to 2022 and adopts the system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to explore the impacts of green financial policies and urban renewal policies on regional environmental sustainable development, expecting to provide theoretical reference for China's environmentally sustainable development and dual-carbon goal, and draws the conclusions as follows: (1) Overall, green financial development is conducive to regional environmental sustainable development; from a regional perspective, green finance significantly contributes to environmental sustainability in the eastern region, but not in the central and western regions. (2) Urban renewal can improve environmentally sustainable development at the national level, and the implementation of urban renewal policies in the east and central can also improve environmentally sustainable development, but it does not have a significant impact in the west of the country, which is still insufficient to play a positive role. (3) Economic development can promote environmental sustainability, but is not significant in the west. Resource consumption in all regions has a significant inhibitory effect on ecological and environmental sustainability; the increase of the proportion of the secondary industry has a significant inhibitory effect on ecological and environmental sustainability, except for the eastern region; environmental regulation on regional environmental sustainability at the national level and the eastern region can promote environmental sustainability, while the central and western environmental sustainability the greater the negative effect.