ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Exploring Multivariate Relationships Among
Seed Morphometric and Yield-Related Traits
in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
			
	
 
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				1
				Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore
				 
			 
						
				2
				Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
				 
			 
						
				3
				Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha
				 
			 
						
				4
				Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore Sargodha Campus
				 
			 
						
				5
				Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur,
Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
				 
			 
						
				6
				College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
				 
			 
						
				7
				Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture Food Science, King Saud University,
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
				 
			 
						
				8
				Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
				 
			 
										
				
				
		
		 
			
			
			
			 
			Submission date: 2023-12-24
			 
		 		
		
			
			 
			Final revision date: 2024-03-11
			 
		 		
		
		
			
			 
			Acceptance date: 2024-04-20
			 
		 		
		
			
			 
			Online publication date: 2024-09-03
			 
		 		
		
			
			 
			Publication date: 2025-01-28
			 
		 			
		 
	
							
										    		
    			 
    			
    				    					Corresponding author
    					    				    				
    					Muhammad  Jamil   
    					Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
    				
 
    			
				 
    			 
    		 		
			
																												    		
    			 
    			
    				    				
    					Usman  Zulfiqar   
    					Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur,
Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
    				
 
    			
				 
    			 
    		 		
			
																						 
		
	 
		
 
 
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(3):2003-2010
		
 
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Correlation and path analysis for seed morphometric as well as yield-related traits were performed
on five bread wheat varieties, each sown on an area of one acre; this investigation was carried out to
check the influence of these traits on the grain yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Digital
image analysis (DIA) is a quantitative technique to phenotype seed morphometric characteristics with
high accuracy. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the relationship bdeetween ground
cover (GC) and seed size and grain yield (GY). Significantly important traits were identified by principal
component analysis (PCA). Applying the multiple linear regression model, grain yield was predicted
with the help of ground cover and seed shape traits. The association of the studied traits was quantified
with a structural equation model. The impact of spikes per meter square (SPMS) and thousand kernel
weights (TKW) on grain yield was significant (p-value <.01). Plant height has a detrimental impact
on grain yield, and the grain yield was influenced by two features: spikes per meter square (SPMS)
and grain weight per spike (GWS), which have a direct impact on thousand kernel weight (TKW).
The present research aims to feature the relationship between yield-contributing characteristics and the digital ground cover of the wheat crop. The present work uncovered the fact that digital ground
cover (DGC) influences the seed length, area, and perimeter.