Achieving carbon-neutrality 2060 target is a solemn commitment made by China to the world. In the process of advancing carbon neutrality goals, power industry is an important starting point for addressing climate change. This study employs China’s electric carbon productivity (ECP) to efficiently integrate economy and environment to explore carbon neutrality in power industry. Based on the electricity, economy, and population-related data of 30 provinces and municipalities in China from 2007 to 2017, the LMDI method is used to decompose ECP on the power production and consumption side, while considering regional and industrial dimensions. Furthermore, it is divided into six drivers respectively. The results show that: 1) From the production perspective, the regional ECP and reciprocal of standard coal consumption for power supply are the dominating drivers to improve China’s ECP. 2) From the consumption perspective, the per capita GDP and reciprocal of provincial industrial electricity consumption intensity are primary drivers in the rise of ECP. 3) The regional decomposition indicates that electricity utilization efficiency and economic development mode are the main reasons why Xinjiang’s ECP level is lower than that of Guangdong and Jiangsu. Finally, some conclusions that may be helpful to the government and enterprises are drawn.