ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Experimental Investigation on the Association
Between Diesel Exhaust Particulate Matter
Exposure and Emphysematous Lungs:
Airspace Enlargement of Alveolar Structures
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1
Physics Department, University of Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
2
Physics Study Program, University of Mataram, Jl. Majapahit No. 62, Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Submission date: 2022-08-13
Final revision date: 2023-02-15
Acceptance date: 2023-02-18
Online publication date: 2023-04-06
Publication date: 2023-05-18
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2023;32(3):2679-2688
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ABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the association between DEPs (diesel exhaust particulate matter)
exposure and emphysematous lung. There were three buses used as diesel particulate matter sources.
DEPs were classified into ultrafine, fine, and coarse particles with different aerodynamic diameters. This
study used mice that were divided into control and treatment groups. The treated mice were exposed to
the DEPs in different concentrations (low, mid, and high doses) for eight consecutive days. The control
group did not receive any exposure treatment, while the exposed mice were sacrificed on the ninth
day to get the lung samples. The lung samples were observed under a digital microscope to identify
the normal and deformed alveolar cells. According to the observation results, the emphysematous level
increased linearly to the DEPs dose concentration. The emphysematous level was found in the range
of 64-80%, depending on the exposure dose concentration. In summary, direct exposure to the DEPs
was correlated to the emphysematous level. This study has given a novel explanation of the bus exhaust
emission risk as a heavy-duty vehicle in organs, especially due to the ultrafine, fine, and coarse particles
exposures.