In this paper some of the more important properties of aerosols and their influence on the human organism are described. Sample results of measurements of the pollution with airborne particulate matter, conducted in Lublin (March and April 1999) and Kozlowka (June 1999) are presented. Measurements of the imission of airborne particulate matter were carried out with a GRIMM 1.105 apparatus for two chosen fractions of solid phase dispersion, i.e. PM10 (solid phase radius is smaller or equal to 10 mum) and AP (radius of solid phase particles which are easily deposited in alveoli. See Figure 1).