About the Journal
In Memory of Professor Jerzy Radecki
Editorial Office
Editorial Board
Scope
Impact Factor
Indexed in...
Journal Impact Factor contributing items
Contact
Subscription
Current issue
Online first
Notes to Authors
Frequently Asked Questions
Editorial policies
PJOES Publication Policy Overview
PJOES Peer Review Policy
PJOES Research Ethics and Malpractice Policy
PJOES Plagiarism Policy
PJOES Conflict of Interest Policy
PJOES Open Access Policy
PJOES Instructions for Reviewers
Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies Policy
Archive
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Evaluation, Spatial Analysis and Prediction
of Ecological Vulnerability in Chongqing
Municipality Based on GIS and Principal
Component Analysis (PCA)
1
XinYang College, Xinyang 464000, China
Submission date: 2024-05-14
Final revision date: 2024-08-16
Acceptance date: 2024-08-23
Online publication date: 2024-10-07
Publication date: 2025-11-14
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(6):8143-8156
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Ecological vulnerability is an important constraint to sustainable, high-quality economic
development. In this paper, 38 districts and counties in Chongqing Municipality are the object of
study, and 12 representative indexes are selected using the SRP (Sensitivity-Recovery-Pressure)
conceptual model. Principal component analysis (PCA) and geographic information system (GIS)
are used to evaluate and analyze the ecological vulnerability of Chongqing, and the driving factors
are identified by Geodetector. Finally, the ecological vulnerability of Chongqing in 2025 is predicted
by the gray prediction model GM(1,1). The results show that: 1) The ecological vulnerability of
Chongqing Municipality from east to west is characterized by a “low-middle-high” distribution with
obvious regional heterogeneity. 2) From 2010 to 2020, there is a trend of “overall stabilization but local
enhancement”. The migration from moderately and above vulnerable areas to more highly vulnerable
areas is significantly higher than the migration to micro and mild vulnerability areas, which is due to
socio-economic and vegetation factors dominating the region. 3) In 2025, moderate vulnerability will
expand spatially in the northeast of Chongqing Municipality, while severe and extreme vulnerability
will move to the periphery and the east. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis and
decision support for ecological environment protection and sustainable development of Chongqing.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
REFERENCES (42)
1.
ZHANG X.Y., WEI W., ZHOU L., GUO Z.C., LI Z.Y., ZHANG J., JIE B.B. Analysis of spatial and temporal evolution of ecological vulnerability in the Northwest Arid Zone. Journal of Ecology, 41 (12), 4707, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb20....
2.
LIU G., WANG J., LI S., LI J., DUAN P. Dynamic Evaluation of Ecological Vulnerability in a Lake Watershed Based on RS and GIS Technology. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 28 (3), 1785, 2019. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes....
3.
SUN X., RAN Y.R., LIN L., ZHOU H., YANG X.M., WU B. Grid-based risk zoning control study of water environmental emergencies in the mainstem of the Yangtze River (Chongqing section). Environmental Impact Assessment, 44 (3), 89, 2022.
4.
YAO K., ZHANG C.J., HE L., LI Y.X., LI X.J. Dynamic evaluation and prediction of ecological environment vulnerability in the middle and upper Yalong River basin. Remote Sensing of Land Resources, 32 (4), 199, 2020.
5.
YAO K., ZHOU B., LI X.J., HE L., LI Y.X. Evaluation of ecological environment vulnerability in the middle and upper reaches of Dadu River basin based on AHP-PCA entropy weight model. Research on Soil and Water Conservation, 26 (5), 265, 2019.
6.
FENG X.Y., WANG Z., ZHANG Z.L., TIAN R., LI C., XIA Q., JIANG L., WANG Y., YUAN B., ZHANG Y. Characteristics and evaluation of spatial and temporal evolution of regional ecological vulnerability based on SRP model--Taking Mao County in Sichuan as an example. Chemical Minerals and Processing, 5 (9), 39, 2023.
7.
HAO Z.J., WEN Q., SHI L.N., WU X.Y., DING J.M. Spatial network analysis of coupled socio-economic and ecological coordination of urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin. Economic Geography, 43 (12), 181, 2023.
8.
TIAN X.L., MENG C.Y. Progress and optimisation of the horizontal ecological compensation mechanism in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Three Gorges Ecological Environment Monitoring, 8 (2), 88, 2023.
9.
SHEN X.J., CHEN Z.J., ZHANG J.S., JIANG L. Causes and zoning analysis of fragile ecological environment in Chongqing. Chongqing Environmental Science, 1 (12), 96, 2003.
10.
GUAN D.J., SU W.X. Evaluation of ecological vulnerability of karst areas in Chongqing based on GIS. China Karst, 1 (3), 211, 2006.
11.
LONG R.H. Research on the vulnerability of ecological environment in Qianxinan Prefecture based on PSR model. Shaanxi Normal University, 2021.
12.
CHEN D., ZENG W., GUO K.R., WANG F.H. Spatial and temporal evolution of ecosystem services in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area from 2000 to 2020 and the driving forces. Western Habitat Journal, 38 (4), 127, 2023.
13.
CHEN Z.Q., ZHANG J., ZHANG Y.L., LIU R. Study on the ecological vulnerability of Hunsandak Sandy Land in the past 20a based on VSD. Arid Zone Research, 38 (5), 1464, 2021.
14.
LIU X.X. Ecological Vulnerability Assessment of Hengduan Mountain Area. Yunnan University, 2021.
15.
LIN B.Q. Watershed water ecological function zoning and river health evaluation based on distributed hydrological modelling. Fujian Normal University, 2020.
16.
SUN P.J., XIU C.L., WANG Z.Z. Changes in ecological vulnerability of mining cities based on the PSE model - A case study of Fuxin, Liaoning. Economic Geography, 30 (8), 1354, 2010.
17.
WANG M.Q., WANG J.D., LIU J.S., DOU J.X. Evaluation of ecological vulnerability in western Jilin Province based on the object-element model. Journal of Ecology, 1 (2), 291, 2007.
18.
LIU X.B., QIN T.B., ZHOU B.T., TU J.J. Evaluation of ecological security of cultivated land in Leshan City based on improved SPA. Journal of Southwest Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 41 (3), 147, 2016.
19.
WANG C.J., LUO X.Y. A study on the evaluation of ecological environment vulnerability and spatial and temporal evolution of Yulin city based on SRP model. Productivity Research, 1 (10), 56, 2023.
20.
GUO L., LI B.J., YANG Z. Evaluation of ecological vulnerability of Qinling "life community" based on SRP model under the perspective of mineral resources development. Safety and Environmental Engineering, 30 (5), 273, 2023.
21.
WU N., SUN Q.Y., HUANG H.M., HUANG Y.J., PAN J.Y., MIN T.T., ZHANG L.L., CHEN M.R. Evaluation of ecological risk and preventive countermeasures in the sea area of Beibu Gulf of Guangxi based on PSR model. Marine Lakes and Marshes Bulletin, 45 (6), 124, 2023.
22.
WANG Y.Q., YAO S.B., HOU M.Y., JIA L., LI Y.Y., DENG Y.J., ZHANG X. Spatial and temporal variability of agroecological efficiency and its influencing factors in China based on geodetectors. Journal of Applied Ecology, 32 (11), 4039, 2021.
23.
YAO X., YU K.Y., LIU J., YANG S.P., HE P., DENG Y.B., YU X.Y., CHEN Z.H. Spatial and temporal evolution of ecological vulnerability in a severe soil erosion area in southern China. Journal of Applied Ecology, 27 (3), 735, 2016.
24.
HU H.B., LIU H.Y., HAO J.F., AN J. Characteristics of spatial and temporal variability of ecosystem service values in urbanised watersheds and their response to land use. Journal of Ecology, 33 (8), 2565, 2013.
25.
CHANG Z. Forest ecosystem health assessment of Yong'an City based on BP neural network. Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 2018.
26.
LIU C. Application of neural network in urban landscape ecological safety evaluation. Henan Agricultural University, 2022.
27.
LI B., HE J.H., QU S., HUANG J.L., LI Y.H. An urban ecological red line delineation method based on Bayesian network. Journal of Ecology, 38 (3), 800, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5846/stxb20....
28.
ZHENG T., CHEN S., ZHANG T., XU L.T., MA L.Y. Research on the mechanism of ecological land loss based on Bayesian network. Journal of Natural Resources, 35 (12), 2980, 2020. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyx....
29.
YANG J. Evaluation of eco-competitiveness of Guizhou science and technology-based micro and small enterprises based on SEM-fuzzy evaluation method. Guizhou Normal University, 2020.
30.
ZHANG L.L., YAN P.F. Analysis of the necessity and effectiveness of returning farmland to wetland under the construction of ecological civilisation - based on game and fuzzy evaluation perspective. Journal of Water Ecology, 41 (2), 8, 2020.
31.
CHEN N.N. Ecological environment quality assessment of Qinling (Shaanxi section) based on fuzzy evaluation method. Chang'an University, 2021.
32.
LEI Y.Z., FENG Y., ZHOU B.T., ZUO T.A. Evaluation of ecological environment vulnerability in karst area based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis - Taking Bijie karst area as an example. Guangdong Agricultural Science, 40 (2), 169, 2013.
33.
ZHANG J., CHEN P.B., LIN Q.L., WU N.J., ZHU C.Z. Research on the evaluation of comprehensive benefits of eco-agriculture in Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province based on AHP. Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University (Social Science), 13 (6), 137, 2019.
34.
DENG W. Strategic Concept of Ecological Environmental Protection in the 14th Five-Year Plan - Taking Chongqing Municipality as an Example. Environmental Impact Assessment, 42 (4), 31, 2020.
35.
WANG Q. Research on the mechanism of thermal environment of water bodies in the main urban area of Chongqing and planning strategy. Chongqing University, 2020.
36.
LI C.C. Exploration of Rural Environmental Protection Issues under the Perspective of Rural Revitalisation - Taking Changshou District of Chongqing Municipality as an Example. New West, 1 (12), 51, 2019.
37.
LEI P., WANG C., ZHANG H., ZHOU J. Water pollution control and water quality improvement of the heavily polluted secondary river Furniu Creek in Chongqing. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 13 (1), 95, 2019.
38.
YANG Z.J. Exploration of water environment management routes in Bishan District, Chongqing. Environmental Protection, 45 (12), 60, 2017.
39.
XU P. Research on soil and water conservation resilient landscape function of Dushandian Reservoir. North China University of Water Resources and Hydropower, 2020.
40.
CHEN D., JIANG G.G., DENG Y.J., PAN H.Y. Impacts of land use and landscape pattern evolution on ecological service value in peri-urban areas of large cities-taking Longquanyi District of Chengdu City as an example. Jiangsu Agricultural Science, 46 (24), 328, 2018.
41.
LEI C. Dynamic evaluation of ecological environment vulnerability in Guiyang city based on SRP model. Guizhou Normal University, 2021.
42.
FAN Q. Research on spatial and temporal differentiation of ecological vulnerability of resource-depleted cities based on SRP model. Liaoning Normal University, 2017.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2083-5906 |
| ISSN: | 1230-1485 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
