ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Effects of Local Industry on Heavy Metals
Content in Human Hair
Katarzyna Chojnacka1, Agnieszka Saeid1, Izabela Michalak1, Marcin Mikulewicz2
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1Institute of Inorganic Technology and Mineral Fertilizers, Wroclaw University of Technology,
Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland
2Department of Dentofacial Orthopeadics and Orthodontics, Medical University of Wroclaw,
Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wrocław, Poland
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2012;21(6):1563-1570
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
In the present work hair mineral analysis of 110 individuals was carried out to determine environmental
exposure based on the distance from a subject’s residence to a pollutant source. The subjects were asked to
fill in a questionnaire concerning their place of living in the city of Wrocław (lower Silesia, Poland), which
was divided in 12 sectors. The content of minerals in hair was determined by ICP-OES and ICP-MS technique
in a laboratory certified by the Polish Centre for Accreditation and ILAC-MRA (No. AB 696). The results were
elaborated statistically. Each person served as the experimental unit. Post-hoc comparisons were made by
Tukey's test and the Spjotvoll/Stolin test. Results were considered significantly different when p<0.1. The differences
in the content of As were statistically significant between IV-V regions (p=0.0182), IV-VII
(p=0.0720), and IV-XII (p=0.0586). In the case of Cd, statistically significant differences were found between
II and XII region (p=0.0377). Hair has been found to be a valuable indicator of environmental pollution in
Wrocław. The highest content of Al was found in sector VII, As – IV, Cd – II, Hg – VIII, Ni – V, and Pb – IX.
The explanation could be the vicinity to a heat and power generating plant and a non-ferrous metals plant or
other industrial units, as well as interactions between elements in a human organism. Additionally, statistically
significant differences between Ni content (p=0.0591) in hair of males and females were found. These
results showed that hair mineral content reflected exposure to elements from the environment.