ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Effects of Different Combined Passivators
on Cadmium Availability in Contaminated Soils
and Uptake by Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)
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1
Department of Environment and Safety Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan, 030008, China
2
Qingdao Rural Environmental Engineering Research Center, School of Resources and Environment,
Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
Submission date: 2022-07-23
Final revision date: 2022-09-24
Acceptance date: 2022-11-25
Online publication date: 2023-01-16
Publication date: 2023-02-23
Corresponding author
Xuehui Lai
Department of Environment and Safety Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, China
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2023;32(2):1189-1198
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ABSTRACT
To solve the problem of excessive heavy metals in farmland soil, there is a pressing need for
research effort to screen for the soil passivator materials. The effects of combined passivators on
cadmium (Cd) availability in soils and uptake by pakchoi have been investigated based on the passivator
screening and pot experiment. The results indicated that sepiolite, calcined lime and polyacrylamide
(PAM) could significantly decrease the available Cd content in soils among eight kinds of inorganic
and organic passivators, which were declined by 28.64%, 40.06% and 74.55%, respectively. Therefore,
sepiolite, calcined lime and PAM were identified as the components of the combined passivators to grow
pakchoi. The pakchoi planting experiment results of combined passivators showed that the combination
of “calcined lime+PAM+sepiolite” was the most effective in decreasing the available Cd content
in soils, which can reduce it by 39.83% (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the increases in ratio of weak organic
bound or iron and manganese oxidation fractions in soils were responsible for the transformation of
soil available Cd to the more stabilized fraction after applying of combined passivators. The positive
passivation responses of “calcined lime+PAM+sepiolite” for Cd transfer to the aboveground of pakchoi
and “calcined lime+PAM” for Cd absorption by pakchoi root demonstrated that these combined
passivators could reduce Cd uptake by pakchoi. Thus, application of combined passivator of “calcined
lime+PAM+sepiolite” can effectively reduce the Cd availability and Cd uptake by pakchoi in this
study. Based on the results of the present research would provide a useful reference to remediate Cd
contaminated soils.