To explore the changes in soil organic carbon under different intensities of human disturbance in the karst forestland of Guibei West and to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of human activities on the carbon sequestration capacity of karst forestland soil. This study selects three types of forestland soils from virgin, secondary, and planted forests under two typical soil-forming matrices, dolomite and limestone, in the karst region of Northwest Gui for 60 days of indoor incubation experiments. The results showed that compared with the organic carbon content of the soil of the virgin forest stands at the end of the incubation, the organic carbon content of the soil of the dolomite-forming matrices planted and the soil of the secondary forest stand increased by 32.0% and 48.2%, respectively. The organic carbon content in the forest soils of planted forests and secondary forests derived from limestone parent material decreased by 71.1% and 63.5%, respectively. All anthropogenic disturbances decreased the amount of organic carbon mineralized in karst forestland soils. In conclusion, under different intensities of anthropogenic interference, dolomitic matrix forest land has a stronger ability to resist anthropogenic interference, and it can be used to moderately develop the forest economy; limestone matrix virgin forest land is more conducive to the fixation of organic carbon in the soil, and it can increase the organic carbon content of the soil by reducing the interference of anthropogenic activities on the limestone matrix forest land.