The green TFP of enterprises is an important indicator for measuring high-quality development. As a means for the government to regulate the market economy, tax collection and management will inevitably affect the green and high-quality development of enterprises. We collect “the Third Phase of the Golden Tax Project” data and match it with A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2010 to 2019 to investigate the impact of changes in tax collection and management intensity on the green TFP of enterprises. We find that an increase in tax collection and management intensity significantly reduces the green TFP of enterprises, but this phenomenon is mainly reflected in state-owned enterprises and coastal areas. Further analysis shows that the reduction in green TFP can be attributed to reduced enterprise cash flow and green innovation. The research findings of this article provide certain insights for green growth and high-quality development.