ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Comparison of Statistical and Deep Learning Methods for Forecasting PM2.5 Concentration in Northern Thailand
 
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Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
 
 
Submission date: 2022-07-06
 
 
Final revision date: 2022-10-16
 
 
Acceptance date: 2022-12-01
 
 
Online publication date: 2023-02-09
 
 
Publication date: 2023-02-23
 
 
Corresponding author
Kamonrat Suphawan   

Department of Statistics, Chiang Mai University, Department of Statistics, Faulty of Science, Chian, 50200, Chiang mai, Thailand
 
 
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2023;32(2):1419-1431
 
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ABSTRACT
This study applies statistical methods and deep learning techniques to forecast the daily average PM2.5 concentration in northern Thailand, where the concentration is usually high and exceeds the safe level. The data used in the analysis are collected from January 2018 to December 2020 from 16 air monitoring stations. The statistical methods used are Holt-Winters exponential smoothing (ETS), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), and dynamic linear model (DLM). The deep learning techniques considered in this study are the recurrent neural network (RNN) and long-short term memory (LSTM). To compare the predictive performance of both methods, we use the root mean square error (RMSE). The result indicates that statistical methods, especially ARIMA, perform better than the deep learning techniques in most stations. Moreover, LSTM tends to provide higher accuracy than the RNN, especially with more number of nodes.
eISSN:2083-5906
ISSN:1230-1485
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