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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Characterization of Spatial Distribution and Source
Analysis of Heavy Metals in Surface Dust
of Typical Oil Cities According to PMF Modeling
1
The College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashi University, Xinjiang, Kashi 84400
2
Kashi Satellite Data Receiving Station, Aerospace Information Research Institute,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kashi 844000, China
Submission date: 2023-12-12
Final revision date: 2024-02-24
Acceptance date: 2024-03-12
Online publication date: 2024-09-23
Publication date: 2025-01-09
Corresponding author
Aynur Mamat
Kashi Satellite Data Receiving Station, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kashi 844000, China
Kashi Satellite Data Receiving Station, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kashi 844000, China
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(2):1891-1904
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The urban surface dust is a complex mixture of particles found in the urban environment
and serves as a carrier for various environmental pollutants. It is susceptible to gravitational, wind,
and water forces, leading to its continuous suspension and deposition of solid particles on surfaces. This
phenomenon significantly impacts both the urban ecological environment and human health. In Karamay
metropolis, Xinjiang, 52 samples of surface dust were collected to investigate the pollution status
and sources of heavy metals in surface dust of a typical oil metropolis. The levels of six heavy metal
elements, including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Hg, were then determined. The spatial distribution pattern
of heavy metal content was examined employing GIS technology and Geo-statistics theory, the Geoaccumulation
index was employed to assess the level of heavy metal pollution, and the main sources
of heavy metal elements in surface dust were discussed via multivariate statistical analysis and positive
matrix factorization (PMF). According to the outcomes, the average concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb,
and Hg in surface dust in Keramay were 1.64, 1.85, 1.5, 1.24, and 2.94 times higher, respectively, than
the background concentrations for Xinjiang soils. Hg was somewhat contaminated in the surface dust,
while As, Cu, Cr, and Pb Cd were uncontaminated. The heavy metal content of surface dust in Karamay
and the high value region of pollution, according to the results of spatial distribution, were primarily
dispersed in the northwest of the research area. In terms of pollution sources, anthropocentric pollution
sources possessed the most impact on Hg, As, Pb, and Cd in surface dust in the research region, whereas
soil Geo-chemical properties have the greatest influence on Cu and Cr.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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