SHORT COMMUNICATION
Characterization of Heavy Metals
in Livestock Manures
Muhammad Irshad1, Amir H. Malik, Samiya Shaukat1,
Sumaira Mushtaq1, Muhammad Ashraf2
More details
Hide details
1Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT),
Abbottabad, Pakistan
2Department of Civil Engineering, CIIT Abbottabad, Pakistan
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2013;22(4):1257-1262
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
The use of animal waste for soil amendment is a viable option for waste management. For safe and sustainable
management of waste, it is important to assess its chemical speciations. Therefore, an experiment was
carried out to compare changes in heavy metals (HM) [cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and lead
(Pb)] fractions in five types of livestock manures, namely cow, goat, sheep, chicken, and ostrich. The metals
were stepwise fractionated into exchangeable, adsorbed, organically bound, carbonate-precipitated, and residual
forms by extracting with 0.5 M KNO3, de-ionized water, 0.5 M NaOH, 0.05 M Na2 EDTA, and 4 M HNO3,
respectively. Extractability of HM was found to be highly dependent upon the type of waste as well as extracting
agent. Manures differed for the release of HM as chicken > ostrich > sheep > cow > goat. Extractions
released HM in the order of Ni > Pb > Cd > Hg. For all metals, extracting agents differed in the order HNO3
> EDTA > NaOH > KNO3 > H2O, irrespective of the kind of manure. Carbon content in the poultry manure
(both ostrich and chicken) was less than other animals. Poultry manure released more P than goat, sheep, and
cow. Chicken manure got the highest pH (9.5) whereas cow manure had the lowest pH value (8.4). Among
manures, EC was measured as goat > cow > sheep > ostrich > chicken.