ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Carbonized Waste Corrugated Paper Packaging
Boxes as Low-Cost Adsorbent for Removing
Aqueous Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II),
and Methylene Blue
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1
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P.R. China
2
State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Center of Material Analysis and School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
Submission date: 2017-09-28
Final revision date: 2017-12-02
Acceptance date: 2017-12-14
Online publication date: 2018-06-25
Publication date: 2018-07-09
Corresponding author
Zhuhong Ding
School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Southern Road, 211816 Nanjing, China
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2018;27(6):2483-2491
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ABSTRACT
A common solid waste – corrugated-paper packaging boxes – was carbonized at 300, 450, and
600ºC to develop low-cost adsorbents (biochars). The resulting adsorbents were characterized and
their adsorption performances were evaluated by the batch sorption of aqueous Pb(II), Zn(II), Cd(II),
and methylene blue (MB). The biochar obtained at 600ºC exhibited larger specific surface area, higher
mineral contents, and pH of zero point charge (pHPZC). Calcium carbonate, lead carbonate/basic,
and zinc carbonate were observed in the metal-sorbed biochars by a power X-ray diffractometer
(XRD). The biochar of higher pyrolysis temperature (600ºC) had high sorption capacity of aqueous
Pb(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) with the Langmuir maximum sorption capacity of 458, 146, and 10.7 mg g-1,
respectively. The pseudo-second-order model gave a better fit for the kinetic data of Pb(II), Zn(II), Cd(II),
and MB onto the biochar (600ºC). Moreover, the electrostatic attraction was the dominant mechanism for
adsorption of MB while precipitation could be the main mechanisms for adsorption of Pb(II), Zn(II), and
Cd(II). Therefore, carbonization can be an efficient and value-addition method for the recycling of waste
corrugated paper packaging boxes and for the low-cost wastewater treatment.