Promoting rural emission reduction and carbon sequestration is of utmost importance in achieving the “dual carbon” goals. The Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province is selected as the research object in this paper, and the rural carbon emission accounting system and different types of carbon emission accounting models are all analyzed. It also conducts in-depth research using Shenhe Village as an example. The results show that the carbon emissions of villages in different carbon balance zones in the Guanzhong region can be accurately calculated by constructing a model. The carbon emissions of villages are closely related to regional economic activities and energy use. Among the six agricultural production activities in Shenhe Village, the CO2 emissions from fertilizer use are 115.678 tons, which account for over 46% of all agricultural carbon emissions ranking first. Secondly, the utilization of pesticides and agricultural films results in significant CO2 emissions, which account for 33.2856 tons and 77.6691 tons, respectively, also accounting for approximately 13.25% and 30.94% of all agricultural carbon emissions. In addition, the different tillage methods not only have a direct impact on carbon emissions, but it is recommended to adopt sustainable agricultural operations to reduce CO2 emissions. It provides methods and reference values for low-carbon development in rural areas.