This study treats the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as a quasi-natural experiment and constructs a difference-in-difference model using samples from Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies spanning from 2007 to 2020 in order to examine its influence on corporate green transformation. The research findings indicate that BRI effectively facilitates corporate green transformation, which is further supported by robustness tests including placebo analysis and propensity score matching. Mechanism analysis reveals that financial stability, technological support, and environmental management serve as key channels through which the initiative drives corporate green transformation. Moreover, BRI can generate positive spillover effects on related companies’ green transformation, thereby creating cumulative impacts within peer enterprises.